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Accelerometer and Gyroscope I2C MPU-6050
Sensors

Accelerometer and Gyroscope I2C MPU-6050

The MPU-6050 is an inertial sensor combining a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope for measuring motion and orientation. It communicates over the I2C interface using SDA and SCL (with address selection via AD0) and can provide an interrupt output (INT) for event-driven readings. Use VCC and GND for power and connect its I2C lines to the corresponding Arduino/ESP32 I2C pins.

Width: 21.2 mm

Pinout — Accelerometer and Gyroscope I2C MPU-6050

Pin Signal Description
INT interrupt Interrupt output from MPU-6050 for data-ready or motion events.
AD0 digital I2C address select input; low=0x68, high=0x69.
XCL SCL Auxiliary I2C clock for external sensors connected through MPU-6050.
XDA SDA Auxiliary I2C data for external sensors connected through MPU-6050.
SDA SDA Main I2C data line to the host microcontroller.
SCL SCL Main I2C clock line from the host microcontroller.
GND ground Ground reference for power and I2C signals.
VCC power Module power input, typically 3.3V to 5V depending on board regulator.

Example wiring diagram — Accelerometer and Gyroscope I2C MPU-6050

From To Wire
board:5V x1:VCC red
board:GND x1:GND black
board:SDA x1:SDA green
board:SCL x1:SCL blue

Example Arduino code — Accelerometer and Gyroscope I2C MPU-6050

This example was written and compile-checked for the arduino-uno. Codey Online adapts it to any other supported board for you.

#include <Wire.h>

const uint8_t MPU_ADDR = 0x68; // AD0 low on the module
const uint8_t PWR_MGMT_1 = 0x6B;
const uint8_t ACCEL_XOUT_H = 0x3B;

void writeRegister(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) {
  Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_ADDR);
  Wire.write(reg);
  Wire.write(value);
  Wire.endTransmission(true);
}

void readBytes(uint8_t reg, uint8_t count, uint8_t *buffer) {
  Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_ADDR);
  Wire.write(reg);
  Wire.endTransmission(false);
  Wire.requestFrom(MPU_ADDR, count, true);
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count && Wire.available(); i++) {
    buffer[i] = Wire.read();
  }
}

int16_t toInt16(uint8_t highByte, uint8_t lowByte) {
  return (int16_t)((highByte << 8) | lowByte);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ;
  }

  Wire.begin();
  Wire.setClock(400000);

  // Wake up the MPU-6050 because it starts in sleep mode.
  writeRegister(PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00);
  delay(100);

  Serial.println("MPU-6050 accelerometer + gyroscope demo");
  Serial.println("Reading raw acceleration and gyroscope data...");
}

void loop() {
  uint8_t raw[14];
  readBytes(ACCEL_XOUT_H, 14, raw);

  int16_t accelX = toInt16(raw[0], raw[1]);
  int16_t accelY = toInt16(raw[2], raw[3]);
  int16_t accelZ = toInt16(raw[4], raw[5]);
  int16_t tempRaw = toInt16(raw[6], raw[7]);
  int16_t gyroX = toInt16(raw[8], raw[9]);
  int16_t gyroY = toInt16(raw[10], raw[11]);
  int16_t gyroZ = toInt16(raw[12], raw[13]);

  float tempC = (tempRaw / 340.0) + 36.53;

  Serial.print("Accel [LSB] X:");
  Serial.print(accelX);
  Serial.print(" Y:");
  Serial.print(accelY);
  Serial.print(" Z:");
  Serial.print(accelZ);

  Serial.print("  Gyro [LSB] X:");
  Serial.print(gyroX);
  Serial.print(" Y:");
  Serial.print(gyroY);
  Serial.print(" Z:");
  Serial.print(gyroZ);

  Serial.print("  Temp:");
  Serial.print(tempC, 2);
  Serial.println(" C");

  delay(500);
}

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