What is an Arduino UNO?
The Arduino is a tiny computer. You tell it what to do, and it does it. Again and again, without getting tired.
How an Arduino thinks
Input
It senses something. A button, light, heat, or distance.
Arduino
It thinks. Your code tells it what to do.
Output
It does something. A light turns on, a beep, or a little motor.
Example: the distance sensor sees that you come close (input). The Arduino thinks: "too close!" And the buzzer starts beeping (output). That is how a parking sensor in a car works.
What is on the board?
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- USB port: this is where the cable to your computer goes. It gets power and code through it.
- Power connector: for a battery or adapter (7–12V), when you are not using a computer.
- Digital pins D0 through D13: on or off. For lights, buttons, and buzzers.
- Analog pins A0 through A5: measure how much. For example, how much light there is.
- Power pins: 5V (plus) and GND (minus) give power to your parts.
- The chip: the brain. This is where your code goes.
- Reset button: starts your code again.
Two words you will see often:
- 5V is the plus. This is where the power comes from (5 volts, just like a phone charger).
- GND (ground) is the minus. This is where the power goes back. Every part needs a wire to GND.
Pins are the little holes on the side. You put wires in them. A pin can be an input (it listens) or an output (it gives power). You decide that in the code.
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